How to use Linux OS as a Beginner

Imagine having complete control over your computer customizing every element, running it exactly the way you want, and doing it all without paying for expensive licenses. Now, picture an operating system that’s fast, secure, versatile, and respects your privacy. That’s what Linux offers.

For many beginners, the idea of switching to Linux feels intimidating. It’s often surrounded by myths: “It’s only for programmers,” “It’s hard to install,” or “It lacks good software.” In reality, Linux has evolved into one of the most user-friendly and adaptable operating systems available today. With countless distributions tailored for different users from complete novices to seasoned developers Linux has something for everyone.

This guide is designed to make your journey into Linux simple, informative, and enjoyable. You don’t need to be a tech wizard to get started. Whether you’re looking to breathe new life into an old computer, explore new tools for productivity, or dive into the world of open-source software, this step-by-step guide will walk you through the entire process.

From choosing the right Linux distribution to installing it, mastering the desktop environment, and learning essential commands, we’ll cover everything you need to know. By the end, you’ll have a fully functional Linux system and the confidence to use it daily.

So, if you’re ready to explore a world where you’re in full control, let’s dive into the world of Linux together.

What is Linux?

Linux is an open-source operating system (OS) that powers millions of devices worldwide, from smartphones to supercomputers. But what exactly is an operating system? Simply put, it’s the software that manages hardware and allows you to interact with your computer. Linux sits at the core, handling communications between your applications and the physical components of your machine.

What makes Linux stand out is its open-source nature. Unlike proprietary systems like Microsoft Windows or macOS, Linux’s source code is freely available. Anyone can view, modify, and distribute it under licenses like the GNU General Public License (GPL). This openness has led to a thriving community of developers and users contributing to its growth, creating thousands of variations (called distributions or distros) to suit different needs.

Linux isn’t just confined to personal computers. It powers a wide range of devices, including:

• Servers – Over 90% of the world’s servers run on Linux.
• Smartphones – Android, the world’s most popular mobile OS, is based on Linux.
• Embedded systems – Smart TVs, routers, and even washing machines often use Linux.
• Supercomputers – As of 2023, all top 500 supercomputers run Linux.

The sheer versatility of Linux makes it a powerful tool not just for developers but for everyday users seeking flexibility, security, and performance.

A Brief History of Linux

Understanding Linux’s origins gives insight into its philosophy and why it’s such a game-changer.

• 1969: UNIX is Born
  The story begins with UNIX, developed at AT&T’s Bell Labs by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. UNIX introduced the concept of a multi-user, multitasking operating system, and it became the foundation for many future OS designs.
• 1983: The GNU Project
  Richard Stallman launched the GNU Project to create a free UNIX-like OS. GNU (which stands for “GNU’s Not Unix”) aimed to provide software freedom. However, while many components like compilers and libraries were developed, the project lacked a kernel—the core part of the OS.
• 1991: Linux is Created
  Enter Linus Torvalds, a Finnish computer science student. In 1991, Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel as a hobby project, aiming to create a free alternative to UNIX. Combining Torvalds’ kernel with the GNU components resulted in a fully functional operating system.
• 1992-Present: Growth and Adoption
  Linux rapidly gained popularity, especially in academic and developer communities. Major corporations like IBM and Google started backing Linux, leading to enterprise-grade distributions and widespread adoption.

Why Choose Linux?

So, why should a beginner opt for Linux over more common OSs like Windows or macOS? Here are some compelling reasons:

1. It’s Free and Open Source

The majority of Linux distributions are completely free to download and use. Unlike Windows, where licenses can cost upwards of $100, Linux offers a zero-cost alternative. Moreover, being open source means you can dive into the code and customize it if you have the skills.

2. Security and Stability

Linux is renowned for its security. Its robust permission system makes it difficult for viruses and malware to gain access. Regular security patches and updates ensure that vulnerabilities are quickly addressed. Linux systems can run for years without needing a reboot, making them the go-to choice for servers.

3. Customization

No other OS offers the level of customization Linux does. From changing your desktop environment to modifying the core system, you can tailor Linux to meet your exact needs. Want a minimalist interface? Try XFCE. Prefer a sleek, modern look? KDE Plasma is perfect.

4. Performance

Linux can breathe new life into old hardware. Lightweight distributions like Lubuntu or Puppy Linux can run smoothly on machines with as little as 512MB of RAM, making Linux an excellent choice for repurposing older computers.

5. Privacy-Friendly

Unlike other OSs that collect user data extensively, Linux respects your privacy. There’s no built-in telemetry, and most distros allow you to control what information (if any) is shared.

6. Vast Community and Resources

Linux has one of the most active communities in the tech world. Whether you’re troubleshooting a problem or looking to learn advanced techniques, there are countless forums, wikis, and tutorials at your disposal.

Dispelling Common Myths About Linux

Many beginners hesitate to try Linux due to misconceptions. Let’s clear some of them up:

Myth 1: Linux is Only for Programmers

While Linux is loved by developers, modern distributions like Ubuntu and Linux Mint offer user-friendly interfaces that anyone can use. Installing software is as simple as using an app store, and most distros come preloaded with everything you need for daily use.

Myth 2: Linux Has No Good Software

It’s true that some popular software (like Adobe Photoshop) doesn’t run natively on Linux, but there are fantastic alternatives:

• GIMP for photo editing
• LibreOffice for document editing
• Kdenlive for video editing

Moreover, tools like Wine and Proton allow many Windows applications and games to run on Linux.

Myth 3: Linux is Hard to Install

Gone are the days when installing Linux required advanced skills. Today, most distros offer graphical installers that guide you through the process step-by-step. In fact, setting up Linux is often faster than installing Windows.

Myth 4: Linux Can’t Run Games

Linux gaming has come a long way. Platforms like Steam support Linux natively, and thanks to Proton (a compatibility layer), thousands of Windows games run smoothly on Linux. There are also many native Linux games and emulators for retro gaming.

Linux vs. Other Operating Systems

Different Use Cases for Linux

One of the best things about Linux is its versatility. Here’s how different user types can benefit:

• Students: Lightweight distros like Linux Mint provide all the essential tools for studying, such as office suites and browsers.
• Developers: Linux supports nearly every programming language, comes with powerful development tools, and offers environments like Bash and Zsh.
• Creative Professionals: With tools like Blender, Krita, and GIMP, Linux is great for 3D modeling, digital painting, and photo editing.
• Gamers: Thanks to Steam Proton, Lutris, and Wine, Linux gaming is thriving.
• Businesses: Many companies use Linux for their servers due to its stability and security. Distros like CentOS and Ubuntu Server are common choices.

How Linux Fits into Your Daily Life

Many users think switching to Linux means giving up their daily workflow. That’s not true. Linux offers alternatives for nearly every essential application:

How to Install Linux

Installing Linux might seem overwhelming at first, but with the right steps, it’s a straightforward process. In this section, we’ll walk you through installing one of the most beginner-friendly Linux distributions — Ubuntu — but the process is similar for many others like Linux Mint or Fedora.

Step 1: Choose the Right Linux Distribution

Before installing Linux, you need to decide which Linux distribution (or “distro”) you want to use. There are hundreds of distros tailored for different users, but here are some great options for beginners:

• Ubuntu – User-friendly with a vast community and strong support.
• Linux Mint – Known for its simplicity and Windows-like interface.
• Fedora – Cutting-edge software with a focus on open-source.
• Zorin OS – Great for users switching from Windows.

For this guide, we’ll use Ubuntu, but you can follow similar steps for other distros.

Step 2: Prepare Your System

1. Back Up Your Data:
   Installing a new OS can potentially erase your existing data. Ensure all important files are backed up to an external drive or cloud storage.
2. Check System Requirements:
   While Linux is lightweight compared to Windows or macOS, it’s still essential to check if your system meets the requirements. For Ubuntu:
   • Processor: 2 GHz dual-core
   • RAM: 4 GB minimum (8 GB recommended)
   • Storage: 25 GB of free hard drive space
   • USB Port: For bootable media
3. Download the Linux ISO:
   • Go to the Ubuntu official website and download the ISO file. This is the image of the OS that you’ll install.

Step 3: Create a Bootable USB Drive

To install Linux, you’ll need to create a bootable USB drive using the ISO file you just downloaded.

Tools You’ll Need:

• A USB drive with at least 8 GB of space.
• Software to create a bootable USB (e.g., Rufus for Windows, Etcher for Mac/Linux).

1. Insert your USB drive.
2. Open Rufus (or your chosen tool).
3. Select your USB drive under the “Device” section.
4. Click “Select” and choose the downloaded Ubuntu ISO file.
5. Partition Scheme: Choose MBR for older systems (BIOS) or GPT for newer systems (UEFI).
6. Click “Start” and wait for the process to complete.

Step 4: Boot From the USB Drive

1. Restart your computer.
2. Access the Boot Menu:
   • When your computer starts, press the boot menu key. This varies by manufacturer but is usually F12, F10, or Esc.
3. Select the USB drive as the boot device.

Your computer should now boot into the Ubuntu installer.

Step 5: Install Linux

When the Ubuntu installer starts, you’ll have two options: Try Ubuntu or Install Ubuntu.

• Try Ubuntu lets you run the OS from the USB without installing it great for testing compatibility.
• Install Ubuntu will guide you through installing it on your hard drive.

Follow These Steps to Install:

1. Select “Install Ubuntu”.
2. Choose Keyboard Layout: Select your preferred keyboard layout and click Continue.
3. Updates & Other Software:
   • Normal Installation includes a web browser, utilities, office software, and games.
   • Minimal Installation includes only a web browser and basic tools.
   • Check “Download updates while installing” and “Install third-party software” for drivers and media codecs.
4. Installation Type:
   • Erase disk and install Ubuntu – Installs Linux as the only OS (erases all data).
   • Install Ubuntu alongside Windows – Dual-boot setup (lets you keep Windows).
   • Something else – Manual partitioning for advanced users.
   For beginners, select “Install Ubuntu alongside Windows” if you want a dual-boot, or “Erase disk and install Ubuntu” if you’re replacing your OS.
5. Allocate Drive Space:
   • If dual-booting, you’ll see a slider to allocate space between Windows and Ubuntu. Adjust as needed.
6. Set Timezone:
   • Choose your location on the map for timezone settings.
7. Create User Account:
   • Enter your name, computer name, username, and password.
   • Select “Log in automatically” or “Require my password to log in” based on preference.
8. Begin Installation:
   • Click “Install Now”.
   • Confirm partition changes and start the installation.

The installation will take around 15-30 minutes.

Step 6: Complete Installation & Reboot

1. When the installation finishes, you’ll see a message: “Installation Complete”.
2. Click “Restart Now” and remove the USB drive when prompted.
3. Your system will reboot into Linux!

Step 7: Post-Installation Setup

After logging into your new Linux system, there are a few things to do:

1. Update Your System:

Open the terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and run:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

2. Install Essential Software:

• Web Browsers: Firefox (pre-installed) or Chrome.
• Office Suite: LibreOffice (pre-installed).
• Media Player: VLC.
• App Store: Use Ubuntu Software Center to explore and install apps.

3. Customize Your Desktop:

• Change themes, icons, and wallpapers.
• Install GNOME Tweaks for more customization options: sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Bonus: Dual-Booting with Windows

If you chose to dual-boot, here’s how to switch between Windows and Linux:

1. When your computer starts, you’ll see the GRUB menu (bootloader).
2. Select either Ubuntu or Windows using the arrow keys and hit Enter.

If GRUB doesn’t show up, you may need to adjust your BIOS settings to set Ubuntu as the first boot option.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Linux won’t boot after installation:
  • Check BIOS settings and ensure Secure Boot is disabled.
• No Wi-Fi connection:
  • Some wireless drivers need manual installation. Run: sudo apt install bcmwl-kernel-source
• Black screen during boot:
  • Add nomodeset to your boot parameters through the GRUB menu.

Conclusion

Stepping into the world of Linux might seem like a giant leap at first, but with the right guidance, it quickly becomes one of the most rewarding experiences. You’ve now learned about Linux distributions, how to install them, navigate the desktop environment, and even master essential terminal commands. But this is just the beginning.

Linux is more than just an operating system; it’s a community and a philosophy. It empowers users to take control of their devices, promotes collaboration through open-source projects, and encourages continuous learning. Whether you plan to use Linux for everyday tasks, development, or even gaming, the possibilities are endless.

Remember, every Linux expert was once a beginner someone who didn’t know the difference between Ubuntu and Fedora or what a terminal command did. The key is to stay curious, explore, and don’t be afraid to make mistakes. The Linux community is vast, supportive, and always ready to help.

So, go ahead customize your desktop, experiment with new applications, write your first terminal script, or even contribute to an open-source project. The Linux world is at your fingertips, waiting for you to make it your own.

About The Author

LATIFA JIBRIINU

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